UL 1974 and the Safety of Second Life EV Batteries

As EV batteries near the end of their performance life in a car, typically there is sufficient life that can be repurposed and utilized in other applications. When it comes to safety, UL has developed safety standards for EV batteries and for energy storage. But where does a repurposed battery fit into a safety certification scheme? UL published UL 1974, which is the first standard to address the processing of used batteries for other applications such as energy storage.